研究問題與動機描述

2020年的奧運即將在日本東京盛大舉行,我們很好奇地主國會不會有更大的機會脫穎而出,因為像MLB、NBA等職業運動賽事,主場隊伍獲勝的機率通常較大,因此我們想探討奧運會不會也受主場優勢影響。

找出中國在2008年北京奧運,地主隊奪牌的數量和2004、2012、2016年之差異

讀取套件及資料

library(readr)
athlete<-read_csv("../asset/athlete_all.csv")
## Warning: Missing column names filled in: 'X1' [1]
## Parsed with column specification:
## cols(
##   .default = col_double(),
##   country = col_character(),
##   Name = col_character(),
##   Sex = col_character(),
##   NOC = col_character(),
##   Games = col_character(),
##   Season = col_character(),
##   City = col_character(),
##   Sport = col_character(),
##   Event = col_character(),
##   Medal = col_character()
## )
## See spec(...) for full column specifications.
## Warning: 42 parsing failures.
##  row           col               expected actual                       file
## 1166 female_school no trailing characters      r '../asset/athlete_all.csv'
## 1167 female_school no trailing characters      r '../asset/athlete_all.csv'
## 1168 female_school no trailing characters      r '../asset/athlete_all.csv'
## 1169 female_school no trailing characters      r '../asset/athlete_all.csv'
## 1170 female_school no trailing characters      r '../asset/athlete_all.csv'
## .... ............. ...................... ...... ..........................
## See problems(...) for more details.
pacman::p_load(devtools,dplyr, ggplot2, readr, plotly, googleVis,ggthemes,d3heatmap,magrittr)
a<-athlete[,c(-1,-17:-29)]
a$Medal[is.na(a[,15])==T]=0
a$Medal<-factor(a$Medal,levels = c(0,"Bronze","Silver","Gold"))
a<- na.omit(a) 
colnames(a)[1:2]<-c("Team","Year")

資料探索(敘述性統計)

summary(athlete)
##        X1           country               year            ID        
##  Min.   :     1   Length:271116      Min.   :1896   Min.   :     1  
##  1st Qu.: 67780   Class :character   1st Qu.:1960   1st Qu.: 34643  
##  Median :135559   Mode  :character   Median :1988   Median : 68205  
##  Mean   :135559                      Mean   :1978   Mean   : 68249  
##  3rd Qu.:203337                      3rd Qu.:2002   3rd Qu.:102097  
##  Max.   :271116                      Max.   :2016   Max.   :135571  
##                                                                     
##      Name               Sex                 Age            Height     
##  Length:271116      Length:271116      Min.   :10.00   Min.   :127.0  
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:21.00   1st Qu.:168.0  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :24.00   Median :175.0  
##                                        Mean   :25.56   Mean   :175.3  
##                                        3rd Qu.:28.00   3rd Qu.:183.0  
##                                        Max.   :97.00   Max.   :226.0  
##                                        NA's   :9474    NA's   :60171  
##      Weight          NOC               Games              Season         
##  Min.   : 25.0   Length:271116      Length:271116      Length:271116     
##  1st Qu.: 60.0   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median : 70.0   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 70.7                                                           
##  3rd Qu.: 79.0                                                           
##  Max.   :214.0                                                           
##  NA's   :62875                                                           
##      City              Sport              Event              Medal          
##  Length:271116      Length:271116      Length:271116      Length:271116     
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##     ce_rate        electricity        female_school     food_suppiy    
##  Min.   : 17.00   Min.   :3.500e+09   Min.   : 15.40   Min.   :1440    
##  1st Qu.: 47.60   1st Qu.:7.350e+10   1st Qu.: 96.50   1st Qu.:2890    
##  Median : 51.70   Median :2.260e+11   Median :100.00   Median :3130    
##  Mean   : 55.43   Mean   :6.796e+11   Mean   : 96.84   Mean   :3090    
##  3rd Qu.: 58.20   3rd Qu.:6.020e+11   3rd Qu.:103.00   3rd Qu.:3390    
##  Max.   :118.00   Max.   :6.140e+12   Max.   :130.00   Max.   :3810    
##  NA's   :83417    NA's   :166832      NA's   :131069   NA's   :122790  
##  health_expense     income_GDP        baby_pw          co2_em     
##  Min.   : 1.69    Min.   :   263   Min.   :1.12    Min.   : 0.01  
##  1st Qu.: 5.71    1st Qu.:  7390   1st Qu.:1.61    1st Qu.: 3.04  
##  Median : 7.76    Median : 14800   Median :2.04    Median : 6.48  
##  Mean   : 7.88    Mean   : 19366   Mean   :2.52    Mean   : 7.34  
##  3rd Qu.: 9.49    3rd Qu.: 30100   3rd Qu.:2.87    3rd Qu.:10.00  
##  Max.   :20.60    Max.   :136000   Max.   :8.30    Max.   :61.80  
##  NA's   :206269   NA's   :45550    NA's   :46166   NA's   :59753  
##  child_mortality    inflation       unemployment_15    bc_w_death    
##  Min.   :  2.10   Min.   : -17.10   Min.   : 0.14    Min.   : 0.53   
##  1st Qu.:  7.60   1st Qu.:   1.67   1st Qu.: 4.65    1st Qu.:15.50   
##  Median : 19.60   Median :   3.92   Median : 6.83    Median :20.20   
##  Mean   : 52.64   Mean   :  17.17   Mean   : 7.56    Mean   :19.48   
##  3rd Qu.: 60.60   3rd Qu.:   8.46   3rd Qu.: 9.62    3rd Qu.:23.80   
##  Max.   :536.00   Max.   :6040.00   Max.   :35.50    Max.   :46.60   
##  NA's   :45763    NA's   :115730    NA's   :154684   NA's   :103013  
##  democracy_score 
##  Min.   :-10.00  
##  1st Qu.:  3.00  
##  Median : 10.00  
##  Mean   :  5.43  
##  3rd Qu.: 10.00  
##  Max.   : 10.00  
##  NA's   :79678
table(athlete$country,athlete$Medal)
##                                                    
##                                                     Bronze Gold Silver
##   30. Februar                                            0    0      0
##   A North American Team                                  4    0      0
##   Acipactli                                              0    0      0
##   Acturus                                                0    0      0
##   Afghanistan                                            2    0      0
##   Akatonbo                                               0    0      0
##   Alain IV                                               0    0      0
##   Albania                                                0    0      0
##   Alcaid                                                 0    0      0
##   Alcyon-6                                               0    0      0
##   Alcyon-7                                               0    0      0
##   Aldebaran                                              0    0      0
##   Aldebaran II                                           0    0      0
##   Aletta                                                 0    0      0
##   Algeria                                                8    5      4
##   Ali-Baba II                                            5    0      0
##   Ali-Baba IV                                            0    0      0
##   Ali-Baba IX                                            0    0      0
##   Ali-Baba VI                                            0    0      0
##   Allegro                                                0    0      0
##   Almaz                                                  0    0      0
##   Aloha II                                               0    0      0
##   Amateur Athletic Association                           0    5      0
##   American Samoa                                         0    0      0
##   Amolgavar                                              0    0      0
##   Amstel Amsterdam                                       4    0      0
##   Amulet-3                                               0    0      0
##   Amulet-7                                               0    0      0
##   Ancora                                                 0    4      0
##   Andorinha                                              0    0      0
##   Andorra                                                0    0      0
##   Andromeda                                              0    0      0
##   Angelita                                               0   12      0
##   Angerburg                                              0    0      0
##   Angola                                                 0    0      0
##   Anitra                                                 0    0      0
##   Antares                                                0    0      0
##   Antigua and Barbuda                                    0    0      0
##   Antwerpia V                                            5    0      0
##   Apache                                                 0    0      0
##   Aphrodite                                              3    0      0
##   Arcturus                                               0    0      0
##   Ardilla                                                0    0      0
##   Aretusa                                                0    0      0
##   Argentina                                             91   91     84
##   Argentina-1                                            0    0      0
##   Argentina-2                                            0    0      0
##   Argeste                                                0    0      0
##   Argo II                                                0    0      0
##   Argonaut Rowing Club                                   6    0      0
##   Argus                                                  0    0      0
##   Ariel                                                  0    0      0
##   Ariette-10                                             0    0      0
##   Ariette-8                                              0    0      0
##   Armenia                                                9    2      5
##   Aruba                                                  0    0      0
##   Aschenbrodel                                           0    4      4
##   Astrid III                                             0    0      0
##   Atalanta Boat Club-1                                   0    2      0
##   Atalanta Boat Club-2                                   0    0      2
##   Athens-2                                               0    0      0
##   Atlanta                                                0    9      0
##   Augsburg                                               0    0      0
##   Ausonia                                                0    0      0
##   Australasia                                            5   20      4
##   Australia                                            511  342    453
##   Australia-1                                            2    2      0
##   Australia-2                                            0    0      0
##   Australia-3                                            0    0      0
##   Australia/Great Britain                                2    0      0
##   Austria                                              150   95    168
##   Austria-1                                              4   12     16
##   Austria-2                                              2    0      2
##   Azerbaijan                                            25    7     12
##   Babe                                                   0    0      0
##   Baby-1                                                 1    1      0
##   Baby-9                                                 0    0      0
##   Baccara                                                0    0      0
##   Bagatelle Polo Club, Paris                             4    0      0
##   Bahamas                                               13   12     11
##   Bahrain                                                1    1      1
##   Bajazzo                                                0    0      0
##   Balaton                                                0    0      0
##   Ballerina IV                                           3    0      0
##   Bamba                                                  0    0      0
##   Bangladesh                                             0    0      0
##   Barbados                                               1    0      0
##   Barco Deloro                                           0    0      0
##   Barion/Bari-2                                          0    0      3
##   Barrenjoey                                             0    3      0
##   Beatrijs III-1                                         0    3      0
##   Beaver                                                 0    0      0
##   Belarus                                               71   24     44
##   Belarus-1                                              0    0      0
##   Belarus-2                                              0    0      0
##   Belgium                                              154   94    161
##   Belgium-1                                              5    1      0
##   Belgium-2                                              0    0      0
##   Belgium-3                                              0    0      0
##   Belgium-4                                              0    0      0
##   Belize                                                 0    0      0
##   Bella                                                  0    0      0
##   Bellatrix IX                                           0    0      0
##   Bellatrix XIII                                         0    0      0
##   Bem II                                                 2    0      0
##   Benin                                                  0    0      0
##   Bera                                                   0    5      0
##   Berliner Ruderclub                                     2    0      0
##   Berliner Ruderclub Sport-Borussia-1                    0    0      0
##   Berliner Ruderverein von 1876-2                        9    0      0
##   Bermuda                                                1    0      0
##   Bermudes                                               0    0      0
##   Bermudian                                              0    0      0
##   Bhutan                                                 0    0      0
##   Bim                                                    0    0      0
##   Bingo                                                  3    0      0
##   Bissbi                                                 0    4      0
##   BLO Polo Club, Rugby                                   0    0      4
##   Blue Red                                               0    0      0
##   Bluebottle                                             3    0      0
##   Boer Team                                              0    0      0
##   Bohemia                                               10    0      1
##   Bohemia-1                                              0    0      0
##   Bohemia-2                                              0    0      0
##   Bohemia-3                                              0    0      0
##   Bohemia/Great Britain                                  2    0      0
##   Bolivia                                                0    0      0
##   Bona Fide                                              0    3      0
##   Bonaparte                                              0    1      0
##   Bonzo                                                  0    0      3
##   Boreas                                                 0    0      0
##   Boreas-2                                               0    0      2
##   Bosnia and Herzegovina                                 0    0      0
##   Boston Archers                                         4    0      0
##   Botswana                                               0    0      1
##   Brandenburg                                            0    0      0
##   Brat                                                   0    0      0
##   Brazil                                               185  103    161
##   Brazil-1                                               2    6     12
##   Brazil-2                                               4    0      2
##   Bremen                                                 0    0      0
##   Brentina                                               0    0      0
##   Breslau                                                0    0      0
##   Briar                                                  0    0      0
##   Brigantia                                              0    0      0
##   British Virgin Islands                                 0    0      0
##   Bronia                                                 0    0      0
##   Brunei                                                 0    0      0
##   Brussels Swimming and Water Polo Club                  0    0     10
##   Brynhild-2                                             0    0      1
##   Bu III                                                 0    0      0
##   Bucintoro Venezia                                      0    8      0
##   Bucintoro Venezia-1                                    0    3      0
##   Bulgaria                                             144   54    144
##   Bulgaria-1                                             0    0      0
##   Bulgaria-2                                             0    0      0
##   Buraddoo                                               3    0      0
##   Burevestnik                                            0    0      0
##   Burkina Faso                                           0    0      0
##   Burundi                                                0    1      1
##   Buscape II                                             0    0      0
##   Bylina-2                                               0    0      0
##   C.V.A.-14                                              0    0      0
##   C.V.A.-7                                               0    0      0
##   Calcinhas                                              0    0      0
##   Calimucho                                              0    0      0
##   Calypse II                                             0    0      0
##   Cambodia                                               0    0      0
##   Cambria                                                0    0      0
##   Cambridge University Boat Club-2                       9    0      0
##   Camelia                                                0    0      0
##   Cameroon                                               1   20      1
##   Camille                                                0    1      0
##   Canada                                               408  422    413
##   Canada-1                                              12   16      8
##   Canada-2                                               0    0      2
##   Canada-3                                               0    0      0
##   Canopus                                                0    0      0
##   Cape Verde                                             0    0      0
##   Caprice                                                4    0      0
##   Carabinier-15                                          0    1      0
##   Carabinier-5                                           0    0      0
##   Cayman Islands                                         0    0      0
##   Central African Republic                               0    0      0
##   Central Turnverein, Chicago                            6    0      0
##   Century Boat Club-1                                    0    4      0
##   Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix-4                           0    5      0
##   Cercle Nautique de Reims-4                             0    0      0
##   Ceres II                                               0    0      0
##   Cha-Cha III                                            0    0      0
##   Chad                                                   0    0      0
##   Chaje II                                               0    0      0
##   Chamukina                                              0    0      0
##   Chance                                                 0    0      0
##   Chicago Archers                                        0    0      0
##   Chicago Athletic Association                           0    0      5
##   Chicago Athletic Association-2                         0    0     11
##   Chile                                                 20    3      9
##   China                                                268  308    325
##   China-1                                               10   28     14
##   China-2                                               12   14      8
##   China-3                                                2    0      0
##   Chinese Taipei                                        18    3     28
##   Chinese Taipei-1                                       0    0      0
##   Chinese Taipei-2                                       0    0      0
##   Chok                                                   0    0      0
##   Christian Brothers' College-1                          0    0     11
##   Chuckles                                               2    0      0
##   Cicely-1                                               0    1      0
##   Cinara-13                                              0    0      0
##   Cincinnati Archers                                     0    4      4
##   Ciocca                                                 0    0      0
##   Ciocca II                                              0    0      0
##   Ciocca III                                             0    0      0
##   Circus                                                 0    0      0
##   Ciss                                                   0    0      0
##   Clearwater                                             1    0      0
##   Clementine V                                           0    0      0
##   Club Nautique de Dieppe-5                              0    0      0
##   Club Nautique de Franais-1                             0    0      0
##   Club Nautique de Lyon-2                                0    0      4
##   Cobweb-1                                               0    5      0
##   Colette-10                                             0    0      0
##   Colette-12                                             0    0      0
##   Colombia                                              14    5      8
##   Comanche                                               0    0      2
##   Combine                                                0    0      0
##   Comoros                                                0    0      0
##   Compigne Polo Club                                     0    0      0
##   Complex II                                             0    4      0
##   Concordia Turnverein, St Louis                         0    0      0
##   Congo (Brazzaville)                                    0    0      0
##   Congo (Kinshasa)                                       0    0      0
##   Cook Islands                                           0    0      0
##   Cornwall                                               0    0     15
##   Costa Rica                                             2    1      1
##   Cote d'Ivoire                                          1    1      1
##   Covunco III                                            0    0      0
##   Crabe I-11                                             0    0      0
##   Crabe I-2                                              0    0      0
##   Crabe I-3                                              0    0      0
##   Crabe II-1                                             0    0      5
##   Crabe II-12                                            0    0      0
##   Crabe II-4                                             5    0      0
##   Crete                                                  0    0      0
##   Croatia                                               37   58     54
##   Crocodile-11                                           0    0      0
##   Crocodile-13                                           0    0      0
##   Cuba                                                 116  164    127
##   Cuba-1                                                 0    0      0
##   Cuba-2                                                 0    0      0
##   Cupidon III                                            0    0      0
##   Cupidon Viking                                         0    0      0
##   Cuxhaven                                               0    0      0
##   Cyprus                                                 0    0      1
##   Czech Republic                                        60   42     32
##   Czech Republic-1                                       6    0      4
##   Czech Republic-2                                       0    0      0
##   Czechoslovakia                                       182   81    223
##   Czechoslovakia-1                                       0    0      2
##   Czechoslovakia-2                                       0    0      0
##   Czechoslovakia-3                                       0    0      0
##   Daisy                                                  0    0      0
##   Damoiselle                                             0    0      0
##   Damoiselle IV                                          0    0      0
##   Danaldo                                                0    0      0
##   Dansk Idrts Forbund                                    0    0      0
##   Danuta                                                 0    0      0
##   Danzig                                                 0    0      0
##   Davenport Turngemeinde, Davenport                      0    0      0
##   Demi-Mondaine-15                                       0    0      0
##   Demi-Mondaine-17                                       0    0      0
##   Denmark                                              162  168    223
##   Denmark-1                                              2    0      0
##   Denmark-2                                              2    0      0
##   Denmark-3                                              0    0      0
##   Denmark-4                                              0    0      0
##   Denmark/Sweden                                         0    6      0
##   DeRuyter                                               0    0      0
##   Deutscher Schwimm Verband Berlin                       0    4      0
##   Devon and Somerset Wanderers                           0   12      0
##   Diablo                                                 0    0      0
##   Diabolo St Maurice                                     0    0      0
##   Dick-8                                                 0    0      0
##   Digby                                                  1    0      0
##   Dinah V                                                0    0      0
##   Djibouti                                               1    0      0
##   Djinn                                                  0    0      5
##   Dolfijn                                                0    0      0
##   Dominica                                               0    0      0
##   Dominican Republic                                     2    3      2
##   Don Schufro                                            1    0      0
##   Donar III                                              0    0      0
##   Dormy-1                                                0    3      0
##   Dow Jones                                              0    0      0
##   Dresden                                                0    0      0
##   Druzhba                                                0    0      0
##   Ducky-16                                               0    0      0
##   Ducky-4                                                0    0      0
##   Dylan-2                                                0    0      0
##   EA II                                                  0    0      0
##   East Germany                                         263  369    309
##   East Germany-1                                         8   24     10
##   East Germany-2                                        10    4      8
##   East Germany-3                                         0    0      0
##   Ecuador                                                0    1      1
##   Edelweiss II-1                                         0    3      0
##   Egypt                                                 12    7      8
##   Eissero VI                                             0    0      0
##   El Salvador                                            0    0      0
##   Eleda                                                  0    7      0
##   Elisabeth V                                            0    3      0
##   Elisabeth X                                            0    0      5
##   Elsie                                                  0    0      4
##   Elvis Va                                               0    1      0
##   Emily                                                  0    0      5
##   Encore                                                 0    0      3
##   England                                                0    0      1
##   England-1                                              0   11     12
##   Enotria                                                0    0      0
##   Equatorial Guinea                                      0    0      0
##   Eritrea                                                1    0      0
##   Erna Signe                                             0    0     10
##   Escapade                                               0    0      0
##   Espadarte                                              2    0      0
##   Espardate                                              0    0      0
##   Esperia                                                0    0      0
##   Espuma del Mar                                         0    0      0
##   Essen                                                  0    0      0
##   Esterel-1                                              0    2      0
##   Estonia                                               20   13     12
##   Ethiopia                                              22   22      9
##   Ethnikos Gymnastikos Syllogos                          2    0      0
##   Evita VI                                               0    0      0
##   Fada                                                   0    0      0
##   Falcon IV                                              0    0      2
##   Falcon VI                                              0    0      0
##   Faneca                                                 0    0      0
##   Fantasio III                                           0    0      0
##   Fantlet-2                                              0    0      0
##   Fantlet-7                                              0    1      0
##   Favorite-1                                             0    0      8
##   Favorite-17                                            0    0      0
##   Favorite Hammonia-3                                    6    0      0
##   Federated States of Micronesia                         0    0      0
##   Femur-1                                                0    1      0
##   Femur-18                                               0    0      0
##   Feo                                                    0    0      0
##   Fiji                                                   0   13      0
##   Finland                                              415  198    263
##   Finland-1                                              0    0      0
##   Finland-2                                              0    0      0
##   Finn II                                                0    0      0
##   Firebird II                                            0    0      0
##   Floresco                                               0    0      0
##   Formosa                                                1    0      0
##   Fornebo                                                0    0      4
##   Fortuna                                                0    0      0
##   Foxhunters Hurlingham                                  0    5      0
##   Fram                                                   0    0      0
##   Fram III                                               0    0      0
##   France                                               577  455    518
##   France-1                                              11    4      7
##   France-2                                               4    0      0
##   France-3                                               2    2      0
##   France-4                                               0    0      0
##   France/Great Britain                                   0    0      2
##   Frankfurt Club                                         0    0     15
##   Freddy                                                 0    0      0
##   Freia-19                                               0    0      0
##   Freia-5                                                0    0      0
##   Freja                                                  0    0      0
##   Frieda                                                 0    0      0
##   Frimousse                                              1    0      0
##   Frip IV                                                0    0      0
##   Fruits                                                 0    0      0
##   Gabbiano                                               0    0      0
##   Gabon                                                  0    0      1
##   Galatea II                                             0    0      0
##   Galejan                                                0    0      0
##   Galerna                                                0    0      0
##   Gallant                                                0    0      5
##   Gallia II                                              7    0      0
##   Galopin-20                                             0    0      0
##   Galopin-9                                              0    0      0
##   Galopin De La Font                                     0    0      0
##   Galt Football Club                                     0   13      0
##   Gam II                                                 0    0      0
##   Gambia                                                 0    0      0
##   Gem                                                    0    2      0
##   Gem II                                                 0    0      0
##   Gem III                                                0    0      0
##   Gem IV                                                 2    0      0
##   Gem VII                                                0    0      0
##   Georgia                                               18    8      6
##   Germania II                                            6    0      0
##   Germania Ruder Club, Hamburg                           0    0      0
##   Germania Ruder Club, Hamburg-2                         0    5      0
##   Germany                                              678  679    627
##   Germany-1                                             22   28     20
##   Germany-2                                             11   14      4
##   Germany-3                                              0    0      0
##   Germany/United States                                  0    0      0
##   Ghana                                                 22    0      1
##   Gilliatt V                                             0    0      0
##   Girl Pat                                               0    0      0
##   Giselle-6                                              0    0      0
##   Gitana-2                                               5    0      5
##   Gitana-21                                              0    0      0
##   Glider                                                 0    0      2
##   Glisten                                                0    0      0
##   Gran Gesto                                             0    0      0
##   Great Britain                                        572  519    582
##   Great Britain-1                                        4   20     10
##   Great Britain-2                                       14    4     10
##   Great Britain-3                                        4    0      2
##   Great Britain-4                                        0    0      0
##   Great Britain/Germany                                  0    2      0
##   Greece                                                62   42     70
##   Greece-1                                               0    0      6
##   Greece-2                                               2    0      0
##   Greece-3                                               0    0      0
##   Greece-4                                               0    0      0
##   Greenoaks Dundee                                       0    0      0
##   Grenada                                                0    1      1
##   Grifo III                                              0    0      0
##   Grifo IV                                               0    0      0
##   Grifone                                                0    0      0
##   Gteborgs Roddfrening-2                                 0    0      0
##   Gteborgs Roddklubb-1                                   0    0      0
##   Guam                                                   0    0      0
##   Guanahani                                              0    0      0
##   Guatemala                                              0    0      1
##   Guinea                                                 0    0      0
##   Guinea Bissau                                          0    0      0
##   Gullvinge                                              0    0      0
##   Gustel V                                               0    0      0
##   Gustel X                                               3    0      0
##   Gustl XI                                               0    0      0
##   Guyana                                                 1    0      0
##   Guyoni                                                 3    0      0
##   Gwendoline-2                                           3    0      0
##   Gwendoline-22                                          0    0      0
##   GyoshuII                                               0    0      0
##   Gyp-23                                                 0    0      0
##   Gyp-6                                                  0    0      0
##   Gyrinus-1                                              0    6      0
##   Haiti                                                  5    0      1
##   Hakahana                                               0    0      0
##   Hamburg                                                0    0      0
##   Hannover                                               0    0      0
##   Harmony                                                0    0      0
##   Hatuey                                                 0    0      0
##   Hayama                                                 0    0      0
##   Hb-20                                                  0    0      0
##   Hb-24                                                  0    0      0
##   Heatherbell                                            7    0      0
##   Heidelberg                                             0    0      0
##   Heira II                                               0    9      0
##   Helsingfors R. K.                                      0    0      0
##   Hera-1                                                 0   10      0
##   Heroine                                                0    4      0
##   Hi-Hi                                                  0    0      4
##   Hilarius                                               0    2      0
##   Hirondelle                                             0    0      0
##   Hojwa                                                  3    0      0
##   Holland                                                0    0      0
##   Hollandia                                              0    0      6
##   Honduras                                               0    0      0
##   Hong Kong                                              1    1      0
##   Hong Kong-1                                            0    0      0
##   Hong Kong-2                                            0    0      2
##   Hornet                                                 0    0      0
##   Humbug V                                               2    0      0
##   Hungaria                                               0    0      0
##   Hungaria Evezos Egylet                                 0    0      0
##   Hungary                                              365  432    330
##   Hungary-1                                              6    0      2
##   Hungary-2                                              0    0      0
##   Hungary-3                                              0    0      0
##   Hurlingham-2                                           0    0      4
##   Iceland                                                2    0     15
##   Ilderim                                                0    0      0
##   Impala                                                 0    0      0
##   Inca                                                   0    0      0
##   Independent Rowing Club-3                              2    0      0
##   India                                                 40  138     19
##   India-1                                                0    0      0
##   India-2                                                0    0      0
##   Individual Olympic Athletes                            3    1      1
##   Indonesia                                              9    7     11
##   Indonesia-1                                            4    4      6
##   Indonesia-2                                            0    0      0
##   Inga-Lill XXXXIII                                      0    0      0
##   Ingegerd                                               0    0      0
##   Iran                                                  29   18     21
##   Iraq                                                   1    0      0
##   Ireland                                               13    9     13
##   Ireland-1                                              0    0      0
##   Ireland-2                                              0    0     12
##   Ireland-3                                              0    0      4
##   Irene                                                  0    5      0
##   Israel                                                 7    1      1
##   Israel-1                                               0    0      0
##   Israel-2                                               0    0      0
##   Italia                                                 0    6      0
##   Italy                                                484  535    508
##   Italy-1                                               14   14      8
##   Italy-2                                                4    0     10
##   Italy-3                                                0    0      0
##   Jamaica                                               44   38     75
##   Jamaica-1                                              0    0      0
##   Jamaica-2                                              0    0      0
##   Japan                                                357  247    307
##   Japan-1                                                0    0      2
##   Japan-2                                                0    0      0
##   Japan-3                                                0    0      0
##   Jeanette-25                                            0    0      0
##   Jeannette-18                                           0    0      0
##   Jest                                                   0    2      0
##   Jet                                                    0    0      0
##   Jill                                                   0    0      0
##   Jo                                                     0    3      0
##   Johan                                                  0    0      0
##   John B                                                 0    0      0
##   Jordan                                                 0    1      0
##   Joy                                                    0    0      2
##   June Climene                                           0    0      0
##   Jupiter                                                0    2      0
##   K Division Metropolitan Police Team-3                  8    0      0
##   K.S.S.S. 1912-2                                        0    0      0
##   Kalayaan                                               0    0      0
##   Kannibaltje                                            0    0      0
##   Kathleen                                               0    2      0
##   Kazakhstan                                            32   20     25
##   Kemphaan                                               0    0      0
##   Kenya                                                 31   34     41
##   Kerstin-1                                              3    0      0
##   Kiel                                                   0    0      0
##   Kingfisher                                             0    0      0
##   Kiribati                                               0    0      0
##   Kitty-1                                                0    8      0
##   Kln                                                    0    0      0
##   Knigsberg                                              0    0      0
##   KNS                                                    0    0      0
##   Kon-Tiki                                               0    0      0
##   Konstanz                                               0    0      0
##   Korshun                                                0    0      0
##   Kosovo                                                 0    1      0
##   Kristiania Roklub                                      0    0      0
##   Kristiania Roklub-1                                    5    0      0
##   Kuling                                                 0    0      0
##   Kullan                                                 0    3      0
##   Kurush II                                              0    0      2
##   Kurush IV                                              0    0      0
##   Kuwait                                                 2    0      0
##   Kyrgyzstan                                             2    0      1
##   L'Aile VI                                              0    6      0
##   La Salle Turnverein, Chicago                           0    0      0
##   LaBandera                                              0    0      0
##   Lady C                                                 0    0      2
##   Lalage                                                 0    5      0
##   Lancet                                                 0    0      0
##   Laos                                                   0    0      0
##   Large boat, Central Naval Prep School ""Poros""-1      0   17      0
##   Lasha                                                  0    0      0
##   Latvia                                                 9    3     13
##   Latvia-1                                               4    0      6
##   Latvia-2                                               0    0      0
##   Laurea-1                                               1    0      0
##   Lbeck                                                  0    0      0
##   Leander Club-1                                         0   18      0
##   Leander Club-2                                         0    0      4
##   Leander Club #1-1                                      0    2      0
##   Leander Club #2-2                                      0    0      2
##   Lebanon                                                2    0      2
##   Legionario                                             0    0      0
##   Leipzig                                                0    0      0
##   Lemzos Thorichton ""Psara""-3                          0    0      0
##   Lemzos Thorichton ""Spetsai""-4                        0    0      0
##   Lerina                                                 0    3      3
##   Lesotho                                                0    0      0
##   Lett                                                   0    0      0
##   Libellule de Paris                                     7    0      0
##   Libellule de Paris-3                                   0    0      0
##   Liberia                                                0    0      0
##   Libya                                                  0    0      0
##   Liechtenstein                                          5    2      2
##   Life boat naval ship ""Spetsai""-1                     0    0      7
##   Linglom                                                0    0      0
##   Lithuania                                             48    6      7
##   Liverpool Police Team-2                                0    0      8
##   Llanoria                                               0   11      0
##   London City Police-1                                   0    8      0
##   Lotta IV                                               0    0      0
##   Lucky                                                  0    0      0
##   Lucky Girl-1                                           5    0      0
##   Lucky Star                                             0    0      0
##   Ludwigshafener Ruder Verein-1                          5    0      0
##   Ludwigshafener Ruderverein                             0    5      0
##   Lully II                                               0    0      5
##   Luxembourg                                             0    4      4
##   Luxembourg-1                                           0    0      0
##   Luxembourg-2                                           0    0      0
##   Lyn-2                                                  0    0      5
##   Lynn                                                   0    0      0
##   Ma'Lindo                                               0    0      2
##   Mac Miche                                              0    3      0
##   Macedonia                                              1    0      0
##   Macky VI                                               3    0      0
##   Mad Dog                                                0    0      0
##   Madagascar                                             0    0      0
##   Magda IX                                               0   10      0
##   Magdalen College Boat Club-1                           0    4      0
##   Maid of Lebanon                                        0    0      0
##   Mainz                                                  0    0      0
##   Malawi                                                 0    0      0
##   Malaya                                                 0    0      0
##   Malaysia                                               3    0      9
##   Malaysia-1                                             0    0      2
##   Malaysia-2                                             2    0      0
##   Maldives                                               0    0      0
##   Mali                                                   0    0      0
##   Malta                                                  0    0      0
##   Mamie-4                                                0    0      0
##   Mamie-6                                                0    0      0
##   Manana                                                 0    0      0
##   Marga-2                                                0    0      0
##   Margaret                                               2    0      0
##   Mari                                                   0    0      0
##   Marie-Tim                                              0    0      0
##   Marinai della nave da guerra ""Varese""               17    7      0
##   Marmara                                                0    0      0
##   Marmi II-1                                             0    0      3
##   Marshall Islands                                       0    0      0
##   Marsouin-26                                            0    0      0
##   Marsouin-8                                             0    0      0
##   Martha-1                                               4    0      4
##   Martha-27                                              0    0      0
##   Maryke                                                 0    0      0
##   Mascaret-28                                            0    0      0
##   Mascaret-4                                             0    0      0
##   Mascotte                                               0    0      3
##   Matrero II                                             0    0      0
##   Mauritania                                             0    0      0
##   Mauritius                                              1    0      0
##   Mauritius-1                                            0    0      0
##   Mauritius-2                                            0    0      0
##   May-Be 1960                                            0    0      0
##   May Be                                                 5    0      0
##   May Be VII                                             0    0      0
##   Mebi                                                   0    0      0
##   Merope                                                 0    2      0
##   Merope III                                             0    0      2
##   Meteor                                                 0    0      0
##   Mexico                                                51   30     26
##   Mexico-1                                               0    0      0
##   Mexico-2                                               0    0      0
##   Mignon-29                                              0    0      0
##   Mignon-3                                               1    0      0
##   Milwaukee Athletic Club-1                              0    5      0
##   Milwaukee Turnverein, Milwaukee                        0    0      0
##   Minerva Amsterdam                                      9    3      5
##   Minotaur                                               0    3      0
##   Mirtala                                                0    0      0
##   Miss Denmark 1964                                      0    0      0
##   Miss Nippon IV                                         0    0      0
##   Miss Nippon V                                          0    0      0
##   Missouri Athletic Club-3                              11    0      0
##   Mistral Hojris                                         0    0      0
##   MitaII                                                 0    0      0
##   Mizar                                                  0    0      0
##   Mohawk Indians-2                                      12    0      0
##   Moldova                                                5    0      3
##   Monaco                                                 1    0      0
##   Monaco-1                                               0    0      0
##   Monaco-2                                               0    0      0
##   Mongolia                                              14    2     10
##   Monica                                                 0    0      0
##   Montenegro                                             0    0     14
##   Moorina                                                0    0      0
##   Morena                                                 0    0      0
##   Morocco                                               12    6      5
##   Moseley Wanderers                                      0    0     15
##   Mosk II                                                0    7      0
##   Mouchette-2                                            0    0     10
##   Mound City Rowing Club-2                               0    0      4
##   Mozambique                                             1    1      0
##   Mutafo                                                 0    0      3
##   Myanmar                                                0    0      0
##   Myojo                                                  0    0      0
##   Mystery                                                0    0      0
##   Mythilus                                               0    0      0
##   Nadine                                                 0    0      1
##   Naiad                                                  0    0      0
##   Namibia                                                0    0      4
##   Namoussa                                               5    0      0
##   Nan-2                                                  0    0      0
##   Nauru                                                  0    0      0
##   Nausikaa 4                                             0    0      0
##   Nautikos Omilos-3                                      0    0      0
##   Nepal                                                  0    1      0
##   Nephos I                                               0    0      0
##   Neptun II                                              0    0      0
##   Netherlands                                          390  277    321
##   Netherlands-1                                          2    0      0
##   Netherlands-2                                          0    0      0
##   Netherlands Antilles                                   0    0      1
##   New College, Oxford-2                                  0    0      9
##   New York Athletic Club                                 0    5      0
##   New York Athletic Club-1                               0    7      0
##   New York Athletic Club-4                               0    0      0
##   New York Athletic Club #1-1                            0    4      0
##   New York Athletic Club #2-4                            0    0      0
##   New York Turnverein, New York                          0    0      6
##   New Zealand                                           82   85     56
##   New Zealand-1                                          0    0      0
##   New Zealand-2                                          0    0      0
##   Newfoundland                                           0    0      0
##   Nicaragua                                              0    0      0
##   Niger                                                  1    0      1
##   Nigeria                                               46   23     30
##   Nigeria-1                                              0    0      0
##   Nigeria-2                                              0    0      0
##   Nikh                                                   0    0      0
##   Nina                                                   0    0      7
##   Nina Claire-2                                          4    0      0
##   Nina Claire-30                                         0    0      0
##   Nirefs                                                 0    3      0
##   Nirwana                                                0    0      0
##   Nokaut II                                              0    0      0
##   Nora                                                   0    0      0
##   Noreg                                                  0    0      0
##   Norman-1                                               0    0      0
##   Norna                                                  0    4      0
##   Nortazo                                                0    0      0
##   North Borneo                                           0    0      0
##   North Korea                                           33   16     16
##   North Korea-1                                          2    0      0
##   North Korea-2                                          0    0      0
##   North Yemen                                            0    0      0
##   Norway                                               281  299    330
##   Norway-1                                               0    0      0
##   Norway-2                                               0    0      0
##   Norway-3                                               0    0      0
##   Norwegian Rowing Association                           0    0      0
##   Norwegier Turnverein, Brooklyn                         0    0      0
##   Notavel                                                0    0      0
##   Nrnberg                                                0    1      0
##   Nurdug II                                              0    0      3
##   Nykjbings paa Falster                                  0    5      0
##   Oleander II                                            0    0      0
##   Oleander XII                                           0    0      0
##   Olen                                                   0    0      0
##   Olimpia                                                0    0      0
##   Olle                                                   0    6      0
##   Olympion                                               0    0      0
##   Oman                                                   0    0      0
##   Omas Helliniki P. S.                                   0    0      8
##   Omilos Ereton Peiraios-2                               0    0      0
##   Omilos Ereton Smyrnis                                  0    0      0
##   Oranje                                                 0    3      0
##   Orion                                                  0    0      0
##   Ormsund Roklub-2                                       5    0      0
##   Osborne Swimming Club, Manchester                      0    7      0
##   Oxalis                                                 0    0      0
##   Paka                                                   0    0      0
##   Paka V                                                 0    0      0
##   Pakaria                                                0    0      0
##   Pakistan                                              34   42     45
##   Palau                                                  0    0      0
##   Palestine                                              0    0      0
##   Pam                                                    0    0      0
##   Pampero                                                0    0      0
##   Pan                                                    0    6      0
##   Pan-Hellenic Athletic Club                             0    0      0
##   Pan II                                                 0    0      0
##   Panama                                                 2    1      0
##   Pandora                                                0    2      0
##   Panhellenios Gymnastikos Syllogos-1                    0    0      0
##   Pannonia RC/National RC                                0    0      0
##   Papua New Guinea                                       0    0      0
##   Paraguay                                               0    0     17
##   Partenope                                              0    0      0
##   Pasodoble                                              0    0      0
##   Passaic Turnverein, Passaic                            0    0      0
##   Patricia                                               0    0      0
##   Paula                                                  0    0      0
##   Pegaso                                                 0    0      0
##   Peiraikos Syndesmos-2                                  0    0      0
##   Peri                                                   0    0      0
##   Peri II                                                0    0      0
##   Persey                                                 0    0      0
##   Peru                                                   0    1     14
##   Pettit-Poucet-6                                        0    0      0
##   Phalainis ton Thorichtou ""Hydra""-2                   7    0     17
##   Phalainis ton Thorichtou ""Psara""-3                   0    0      0
##   Philadelphia Turngemeinde, Philadelphia                0    6      0
##   Philippines                                            7    0      3
##   Phoenix                                                0    0      0
##   Pierre et Jean-3                                       0    0      0
##   Pierre et Jean-4                                       0    0      0
##   Pigoule                                                0    0      0
##   Pimm                                                   0    0      0
##   Pirouette-31                                           0    0      0
##   Pirouette-5                                            0    0      0
##   Pistoja/Firenze                                        9    0      0
##   Plume-patte-32                                         0    0      0
##   Plume-Patte-5                                          0    0      0
##   Poland                                               253  117    193
##   Poland-1                                               0    0      2
##   Poland-2                                               0    0      0
##   Poland-3                                               0    0      0
##   Polyteknisk Roklub-1                                   5    0      0
##   Pop Art                                                0    0      0
##   Portugal                                              24    4      7
##   Portugal-1                                             0    0      0
##   Portugal-2                                             0    0      0
##   Posillipo III                                          0    0      0
##   Potomac Archers                                        0    4      0
##   Potsdam                                                1    0      0
##   Pousse-Moi Pas VII                                     0    0      0
##   Primorka                                               0    0      0
##   Proteus II                                             0    0      0
##   Puerto Rico                                            6    1      2
##   Puerto Rico-1                                          0    0      0
##   Puerto Rico-2                                          0    0      0
##   Pupilles de Neptune de Lille-1                         4    0      0
##   Pupilles de Neptune de Lille #1-3                      0    0      0
##   Pupilles de Neptune de Lille #2-1                      8    0      0
##   Qatar                                                  4    0      1
##   Qu'Importe                                             0    0      0
##   Quand-Mme-2                                            0    0      9
##   Quand-Mme-33                                           0    0      0
##   Quando Quando                                          0    0      0
##   Quicksilver-2                                          0    0      0
##   R.-V. Germania, Leitmeritz                             0    0      0
##   Racing Club de France                                  0    0     11
##   Raili                                                  0    0      0
##   Ral-Club Barcelona                                     0    0      0
##   Ralia                                                  5    0      0
##   Rambo                                                  0    0      0
##   Rampage                                                0    0      0
##   Ravel                                                  0    0      0
##   Ravenswood Boat Club-2                                 0    0      2
##   Red Dragon                                             0    0      0
##   Red Indian                                             0    0      0
##   Refugee Olympic Athletes                               0    0      0
##   Relampago                                              0    0      0
##   Rhodesia                                               0    0      0
##   Rhythm                                                 0    0      0
##   Riccar                                                 0    0      0
##   Rififi                                                 0    0      0
##   Rika II                                                0    0      0
##   rn-2                                                   0    0      0
##   Roddklubben af 1912-1                                  0    0      5
##   Roddklubben af 1912-2                                  0    0      0
##   Roehampton-1                                           0    4      0
##   Roklubb Kbnhavn-2                                      0    0      0
##   Roma                                                   0    0      0
##   Romania                                              290  161    200
##   Romania-1                                              2    0      0
##   Romania-2                                              0    0      0
##   Romolo                                                 0    0      0
##   Rose Pompon                                            0    0      3
##   Rostock                                                0    0      1
##   Rowing Club Castillon-3                                3    0      0
##   Roy                                                    0    0      0
##   Royal Club Nautique de Gand                            0    0     21
##   Rozenn-3                                               0    0      0
##   Rush IV                                                0    0      0
##   Rush V                                                 0    3      0
##   Rush VII                                               0    0      3
##   Russia                                               393  366    351
##   Russia-1                                               8   22      6
##   Russia-2                                               0    2     10
##   Russia-3                                               0    0      0
##   Rwanda                                                 0    0      0
##   Saar                                                   0    0      0
##   Sabre                                                  0    0      0
##   Saga-2                                                 0    0      0
##   SagaII                                                 0    0      0
##   Saint Kitts and Nevis                                  0    0      0
##   Saint Lucia                                            0    0      0
##   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines                       0    0      0
##   Salamander                                             0    0      0
##   Salinero                                               0    0      1
##   Samoa                                                  0    0      0
##   San Marino                                             0    0      0
##   Sandra                                                 0    0      0
##   Sans Atout-1                                           0    0      5
##   Santa Maria                                            0    0      6
##   Sao Tome and Principe                                  0    0      0
##   Sarcelle-3                                             3    0      0
##   Sarcelle-35                                            0    0      0
##   Saskia                                                 0    0      0
##   Sass-2                                                 0    0      0
##   Satchmo                                                0    1      0
##   Saudi Arabia                                           5    0      1
##   Scamasaxe-2                                            2    0      0
##   Scamasaxe-3                                            0    0      2
##   Scamasaxe-34                                           0    0      0
##   Scaup                                                  0    0      0
##   Scotia                                                 0    6      0
##   Scotland                                               0    0      0
##   Scotland-2                                             0    0      0
##   Scotland-3                                            11    0      0
##   Scram                                                  0    0      0
##   Sea Dog-2                                              0    0      0
##   Seawanhaka Boat Club-1                                 0    2      0
##   Senegal                                                0    0      1
##   Serbia                                                41   15     29
##   Serbia-1                                               0    0      0
##   Serbia-2                                               0    0      0
##   Serbia and Montenegro                                 26   12     26
##   Serendipity                                            0    0      0
##   Seychelles                                             0    0      0
##   Sheerio                                                0    0      0
##   Shoveller                                              0    0      0
##   Shrew II                                               2    0      0
##   Siames-Cat                                             0    0      0
##   Sibindi-2                                              0    0      0
##   Sidi-Fekkar-14                                         0    0      0
##   Sidi Fekkar-36                                         0    0      0
##   Sierra Leone                                           0    0      0
##   Sif                                                    0    4      0
##   Sildra-1                                               0    4      0
##   Silja                                                  0    0      6
##   Singapore                                              4    1      4
##   Singapore-1                                            0    0      0
##   Singapore-2                                            0    0      0
##   Singy-37                                               0    0      0
##   Singy-7                                                0    0      0
##   Sirene                                                 0    2      0
##   Sjhxa                                                  0    0      0
##   Sjovinge                                               0    0      0
##   Skidoo                                                 0    0      0
##   Skum                                                   0    0      2
##   Slaghoken                                              0    0      3
##   Slaghoken II                                           0    3      0
##   Slovakia                                              13   15     19
##   Slovakia-1                                             0    0      0
##   Slovakia-2                                             0    0      0
##   Slovenia                                              27    8     13
##   Slovenia-1                                             0    0      0
##   Slovenia-2                                             0    0      0
##   Smyrna                                                 0    0     11
##   Snap                                                   3    0      0
##   Snowten III                                            0    0      0
##   Snude                                                  0    0      0
##   Socialer Turnverein, Detroit                           0    0      0
##   Societ Nautique de la Marne                            0    0      0
##   Societ Nautique de la Marne-1                          0    0      2
##   Societ Nautique de la Marne-3                          0    0      0
##   Socit Nautique de Bayonne                              0    0      0
##   Socit Nautique de Bayonne-1                            3    0      0
##   Socit Nautique de Bayonne-2                            5    0      0
##   Socit Nautique de la Basse Seine-1                     3    0      5
##   Socit Nautique de la Basse Seine-2                     0    0      0
##   Solomon Islands                                        0    0      0
##   Solos Carex                                            0    0      0
##   Somalia                                                0    0      0
##   Sonja II                                               0    0      0
##   Sorais-2                                               5    0      0
##   Souriceau-38                                           0    0      0
##   Souriceau-4                                            0    0      0
##   South Africa                                          52   32     47
##   South Africa-1                                         0    0      0
##   South Africa-2                                         0    0      0
##   South Korea                                          159  211    222
##   South Korea-1                                         18    6      6
##   South Korea-2                                          8    4      4
##   South St Louis Turnverein, St Louis                    0    0      0
##   South Sudan                                            0    0      0
##   South Vietnam                                          0    0      0
##   South Yemen                                            0    0      0
##   Souvenance                                             0    0      0
##   Soviet Union                                         677 1058    716
##   Soviet Union-1                                         0   22      4
##   Soviet Union-2                                        12    0     12
##   Soviet Union-3                                         0    0      0
##   Spain                                                136  108    239
##   Spain-1                                                0    0      2
##   Spain-2                                                0    2      2
##   Spirit III                                             0    0      0
##   Spirit VI                                              0    0      0
##   Springbok                                              0    0      0
##   Squid III                                              0    0      0
##   Sri Lanka                                              0    0      2
##   St. Louis Amateur Athletic Association                 0    0     12
##   St. Louis Southwest Turnverein #1-2                    0    0      5
##   St. Louis Southwest Turnverein #2-3                    5    0      0
##   St. Margrite                                           0    0      0
##   St. Rose-2                                            12    0      0
##   Stade Franais AC-2                                     0    0      0
##   Starita                                                2    0      0
##   Starlight III                                          0    0      0
##   State VI                                               0    0      0
##   Stella-2                                               3    0      0
##   Struten                                                0    0      0
##   Studenternes Roklub-2                                  0    0      0
##   Subbnboana                                             0    0      0
##   Sudan                                                  0    0      1
##   Sunrise                                                0    0      1
##   Sunshine                                               0    0      2
##   Suriname                                               1    1      0
##   Surprise                                               0    0      0
##   Suzon IV-39                                            0    0      0
##   Suzon IV-5                                             0    0      0
##   Suzy-2                                                 0    0      0
##   Swaziland                                              0    0      0
##   Sweden                                               507  451    476
##   Sweden-1                                               0    0      2
##   Sweden-2                                               0    0      4
##   Sweden-3                                               2    0      0
##   Sweden-4                                               0    0      0
##   Swedish Star                                           2    0      0
##   Swift                                                  0    2      0
##   Switzerland                                          231  144    213
##   Switzerland-1                                         30   20     22
##   Switzerland-2                                          4    8     10
##   Sydney Rowing Club                                     0    0      0
##   Sylvia                                                 6    0      0
##   Symphony                                               0    0      2
##   Syndi                                                  0    0      0
##   Syria                                                  1    1      1
##   Taifun                                                 0    5      0
##   Tajamar                                                0    0      0
##   Tajikistan                                             2    1      1
##   Tan-Fe-Pah                                             0    0      3
##   Tango                                                  0    0      3
##   Tantalus                                               0    0      0
##   Tanzania                                               0    0      2
##   Tengiri                                                0    0      0
##   Teresita                                               0    0      0
##   Terrible                                               0    0      0
##   Thailand                                              13    9      8
##   Thailand-1                                             0    0      0
##   Thailand-2                                             0    0      0
##   Thalatta                                               0    0      0
##   Thames Rowing Club                                     0    0      5
##   The Cloud                                              0    0      0
##   Thessalonki-1                                         11    0      0
##   Three Leaves                                           0    0      0
##   Three Star Too                                         0    0      0
##   Tichiboo                                               0    0      0
##   Tilly                                                  0    0      0
##   Tim-Tam III                                            0    0      0
##   Timor Leste                                            0    0      0
##   Tineke                                                 0    0      0
##   Tip                                                    0    0      3
##   Titia                                                  0    0      0
##   Tlaloc                                                 0    0      0
##   Togo                                                   1    0      0
##   Tom Kyle                                               0    0      0
##   Tomahawk II                                            0    0      0
##   Tonga                                                  0    0      1
##   Tornade-16                                             0    0      0
##   Tornado                                                0    2      3
##   Toronto Argonauts                                      9    0      9
##   Tournade-40                                            0    0      0
##   Tramontane                                             0    0      0
##   Trans-Mississippi Golf Association-2                   0    0     10
##   Trickson VI                                            0    0      0
##   Trinidad and Tobago                                   17    7      8
##   Trintel II                                             0    0      0
##   Tritons Lillois-2                                      0    0      5
##   Tu-Fri                                                 0    0      0
##   Tulilind                                               0    0      0
##   Tunisia                                                7    3      3
##   Turkey                                                28   40     27
##   Turkmenistan                                           0    0      0
##   Turnverein Vorwrts, Chicago                            0    0      0
##   Turnverein Vorwrts, Cleveland                          0    0      0
##   Turquoise-1                                            1    0      0
##   Turquoise-3                                            0    0      0
##   Tutti V                                                5    0      0
##   Tuvalu                                                 0    0      0
##   Twinkle                                                0    0      0
##   Twins II                                               0    0      0
##   Twins VIII                                             0    0      0
##   Ubu                                                    0    0      0
##   Uganda                                                 2    2      3
##   Ukraine                                               98   47     52
##   Ukraine-1                                              2    0      0
##   Ukraine-2                                              0    0      0
##   Umberta V                                              0    0      0
##   Unified Team                                          79  123     69
##   Unified Team-1                                         0    4      0
##   Unified Team-2                                         2    0      2
##   Unified Team-3                                         0    0      0
##   Union des Socits Franais de Sports Athletiques         0   17     12
##   Unique                                                 0    0      0
##   United Arab Emirates                                   1    1      0
##   United Arab Republic                                   1    0      1
##   United States                                       1233 2474   1512
##   United States-1                                       30   38     33
##   United States-10                                       0    0      0
##   United States-11                                       0    0      0
##   United States-12                                       0    0      0
##   United States-13                                       0    0      0
##   United States-14                                       0    0      0
##   United States-2                                       20   17     14
##   United States-3                                        2    0      0
##   United States-4                                        2    0      0
##   United States-5                                        0    0      0
##   United States-6                                        0    0      0
##   United States-7                                        0    0      0
##   United States-8                                        0    0      0
##   United States-9                                        0    0      0
##   United States Golf Association-3                      10    0      0
##   United States Virgin Islands                           0    0      1
##   United States Virgin Islands-1                         0    0      0
##   United States Virgin Islands-2                         0    0      0
##   United States/France                                   0    0      2
##   United States/Great Britain                            2    0      0
##   Univ. of Brussels                                     11    0      0
##   Unknown                                                0    0      0
##   Upton Park FC                                          0   11      0
##   Uragan                                                 0    0      0
##   Uruguay                                               30   31      2
##   USFSA                                                  0    0     13
##   Uzbekistan                                            17   10      7
##   Uzbekistan-1                                           0    0      0
##   Uzbekistan-2                                           0    0      0
##   Vanuatu                                                0    0      0
##   Vaxholm Roddklubb                                      0    0      0
##   Venezuela                                             10    2      3
##   Venilia                                                3    0      0
##   Vento Sul                                              0    0      0
##   Verveine-19                                            0    0      0
##   Verveine-41                                            0    0      0
##   Vesania                                                0    0      0
##   Vesper Boat Club                                       0   18      0
##   Vicking                                                0    0      0
##   Vietnam                                                0    1      3
##   Viking                                                 0    0      0
##   Viktoriya                                              0    0      0
##   Vim III                                                0    0      0
##   Vinga-1                                                0    0      5
##   Vinha                                                  0    0      0
##   Virginie                                               0    0      0
##   Vision                                                 0    0      4
##   Voloira II                                             0    0      0
##   Wales-4                                               11    0      0
##   Wannsee                                                0    2      0
##   Web II                                                 0    0      3
##   Web III                                                0    0      0
##   Wendehals                                              0    0      0
##   West Germany                                         219  155    184
##   West Germany-1                                        14    2     10
##   West Germany-2                                         0    2      0
##   West Germany-3                                         0    0      0
##   West Indies Federation                                 5    0      0
##   Western Golf Association-1                             0   10      0
##   Western Rowing Club-3                                  6    0      0
##   Whirlaway                                              0    0      0
##   Whisper                                                0    0      0
##   White Lady                                             0    3      0
##   Whitini Star                                           0    0      0
##   Widgeon                                                2    0      0
##   Wiking                                                 0    0      0
##   Willem-Six                                             3    0      0
##   Windor                                                 0    0      0
##   Winnipeg Shamrocks-1                                   0   12      0
##   Wolseley-Siddeley-1                                    0    0      0
##   Xantippa                                               0    0      0
##   Xolotl                                                 0    0      0
##   Yangon                                                 0    0      0
##   Yemen                                                  0    0      0
##   Yeoman                                                 0    0      0
##   Yeoman V                                               0    0      0
##   Yeoman VII                                             0    0      0
##   Yeoman XII                                             0    0      0
##   Ylliam II                                              0    0      0
##   Ylliam VII                                             0    0      0
##   Ylliam VIII                                            0    0      0
##   Yugoslavia                                            93  130    167
##   Yugoslavia-1                                           0    0      0
##   Yugoslavia-2                                           0    0      0
##   Zambia                                                 1    0      1
##   Zefyros                                                0    0      0
##   Zimbabwe                                               1   17      4
##   Zut                                                    0    0      3
table(athlete$Sport,athlete$Medal) 
##                            
##                             Bronze Gold Silver
##   Aeronautics                    0    1      0
##   Alpine Skiing                141  143    144
##   Alpinism                       0   25      0
##   Archery                       98  135    120
##   Art Competitions              51   49     56
##   Athletics                   1296 1339   1334
##   Badminton                     60   54     54
##   Baseball                     112  112    112
##   Basketball                   356  365    359
##   Basque Pelota                  0    2      0
##   Beach Volleyball              24   24     24
##   Biathlon                     135  136    137
##   Bobsleigh                    136  133    129
##   Boxing                       441  252    251
##   Canoeing                     389  388    388
##   Cricket                        0   12     12
##   Croquet                        2    4      2
##   Cross Country Skiing         263  256    257
##   Curling                       49   50     53
##   Cycling                      414  424    425
##   Diving                       143  142    142
##   Equestrianism                319  324    322
##   Fencing                      566  594    583
##   Figure Skating               127  131    128
##   Football                     543  515    513
##   Freestyle Skiing              34   34     34
##   Golf                          16   15     15
##   Gymnastics                   719  791    746
##   Handball                     353  349    358
##   Hockey                       512  518    498
##   Ice Hockey                   507  508    515
##   Jeu De Paume                   1    1      1
##   Judo                         274  137    136
##   Lacrosse                      12   24     24
##   Luge                          60   62     58
##   Military Ski Patrol            4    4      4
##   Modern Pentathlon             62   62     62
##   Motorboating                   0    7      0
##   Nordic Combined               55   55     55
##   Polo                          20   22     25
##   Racquets                       4    3      3
##   Rhythmic Gymnastics           44   44     44
##   Roque                          1    1      1
##   Rowing                       990  978    977
##   Rugby                         16   67     79
##   Rugby Sevens                  25   25     24
##   Sailing                      367  450    415
##   Shooting                     407  410    411
##   Short Track Speed Skating     94   95     95
##   Skeleton                      10   10     10
##   Ski Jumping                   68   69     70
##   Snowboarding                  30   30     30
##   Softball                      59   60     60
##   Speed Skating                190  193    197
##   Swimming                     956 1099    993
##   Synchronized Swimming         70   74     71
##   Table Tennis                  60   54     54
##   Taekwondo                     64   40     40
##   Tennis                       128  106    106
##   Trampolining                  10   10     10
##   Triathlon                     10   10     10
##   Tug-Of-War                    29   43     43
##   Volleyball                   325  322    322
##   Water Polo                   360  350    347
##   Weightlifting                216  217    213
##   Wrestling                    468  413    415

資料處理(dplyr)

a1=athlete %>% filter(country=="China") %>% filter(year==2008) #篩選2008年中國獎牌數資料
table(a1$country,a1$Medal)#2008中國金、銀、銅牌個數
##        
##         Bronze Gold Silver
##   China     49   72     49
a1_sports=aggregate(a1$Event, 
          list(Sport=a1$Sport), 
          n_distinct) #找出2008年項目運動(Sports)所得獎牌
a2=athlete %>% filter(country=="China") %>% filter(year==2004) #篩選2004年中國獎牌數資料
table(a2$country,a2$Medal)#2004中國金、銀、銅牌個數
##        
##         Bronze Gold Silver
##   China     13   42     27
a2_sports=aggregate(a2$Event, 
          list(Sport=a2$Sport), 
          n_distinct) #找出2004年項目運動(Sports)所得獎牌
a3=athlete %>% filter(country=="China") %>% filter(year==2012) #篩選2012年中國獎牌數資料
table(a3$country,a3$Medal)#2012中國金、銀、銅牌個數
##        
##         Bronze Gold Silver
##   China     29   50     38
a3_sports=aggregate(a3$Event, 
          list(Sport=a3$Sport), 
          n_distinct) #找出2012年項目運動(Sports)所得獎牌
a4=athlete %>% filter(country=="China") %>% filter(year==2016) #篩選2016年中國獎牌數資料
table(a4$country,a4$Medal) #2016中國金、銀、銅牌個數
##        
##         Bronze Gold Silver
##   China     35   44     30
a4_sports=aggregate(a4$Event, 
          list(Sport=a4$Sport), 
          n_distinct) #找出2016年項目運動(Sports)所得獎牌
?name
## starting httpd help server ... done
#將資料併再一起
ar_1<-merge(a1_sports,a2_sports,by="Sport",all.x = T)
ar_2<-merge(a3_sports,a4_sports,by="Sport",all.x = T)
  ar<-merge(ar_1,ar_2,by="Sport",all.x = T) #將各年資料合併
  
  
  ar=ar[c(2,8,9,14,17,22,24,34),] #我們取這些例子就可以發現,地主國較其他國家容易奪牌
  names(ar)[2]="2008"
  names(ar)[3]="2004"
  names(ar)[4]="2012"
  names(ar)[5]="2016"  #更改欄位名稱
print(ar)
##         Sport 2008 2004 2012 2016
## 2   Athletics   33   31   27   23
## 8    Canoeing   15   13   12    8
## 9     Cycling   11    5   11    9
## 14 Gymnastics   13   14   12   13
## 17       Judo   14    9    8    8
## 22   Shooting   15   16   14   13
## 24   Swimming   32   31   31   33
## 34  Wrestling   16    9    7   13

資料視覺化

a1<-a%>%filter(a$Team=="China",a$Medal!=0,a$Season=="Summer",a$Year>2000)%>%
  group_by(Year,Team) %>% summarize(medal=sum(as.double(Medal))) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(Year,medal ,col=Team))+geom_line()+
  theme_economist() + scale_color_economist()+geom_point()
ggplotly(a1)
#我們從圖可以明顯發現2008在主場顯著強勢

結論與洞察

#經過好幾個小時的努力,我們把資料整理出來,發現主場優勢是很好的助力,因為主場隊伍會有更多的加油聲,客隊相對來說會比較有壓力。我們擷取了2004、2012、2016和中國在2008身為地主國的奧運資料進行比較,發現中國在身為地主國時,各個競賽的得獎總數表現確實優於其他年度。